Fractionation is an important process for the palm oil industry due to its composition of having almost equal amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The kernel is cracked to remove the palm kernel shell palm kernel expeller or pke and the kernel is crushed and pressed to produce palm kernel oil or pko. For this purpose crystallizing vessel is used in which chilling pipe coils cool the oil for fractionation. Oil is refined to remove colour, odour and flavour. The fruit is pressed to separate the oil from the cake a mixture of kernel and fibre. Dry fractionation of fats and oils is the simplest and the cheapest among fractional crystallization processes. It is also well known as natural or green technology. Dry fractionation of palm oil can be conducted as a multistep process. Nevertheless, with the acidactivated clay, the %ffa. Liquid palm olein and solid palm stearin are separated. So it was also observed that in palm kernel oil harvested in tropical regions. Fatty acid composition of palm oil and fractions palm oil palm ole ne palm stearine 20% fatty acid c14.
A number of solvents have historically been used for this process but the most common ones are acetone and hexane. Pdf new developments in palm oil fractionation researchgate. Three main commercial processes for fractionating palm oil are in use. While dry fractionation can and, indeed, often is used for this process a better, cleaner separation is achieved by solvent fractionation. Palm oil fractionation kellens 2007 european journal. Refined palm oil should go through fractionation process to separate solid phases stearine and liquid phases olein. For palm oil refinery plant, fractionation process is required in which palm olein and palm stearin are separated by scientifically cooling the refined palm oil by chilling plant and then filtering the oil. The original booming of the dry fractionation process has helped mostly palm oil to conquer a strong position on the commodity market in one single stage. In edible oil processing, a fractionation process consists of a controlled cooling. Because of its fatty acid composition, which includes 50% saturated and 50% unsaturated fatty acids, palm oil can readily be fractionated, i. Dry fractionation system, fractionation process, oil palm. In the oils and fats industries, fractional crystallisation is the process.
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